Major figures of techno-utopianism embrace Ray Kurzweil and Nick Bostrom. Techno-utopianism has attracted both praise and criticism from progressive, religious, and conservative thinkers. Archaeologists estimate that the wheel was invented independently and concurrently in Mesopotamia (in present-day Iraq), the Northern Caucasus , and Central Europe.
Technology
Modern scholarship has shifted towards an evaluation of sociotechnical techniques, “assemblages of things, people, practices, and meanings”, looking at the worth judgments that form technology. In physics, the discovery of nuclear fission within the Atomic Age led to both nuclear weapons and nuclear power. Computers were invented and later shifted from analog to digital within the Digital Revolution. Information technology, particularly optical fiber and optical amplifiers led to the start of the Internet, which ushered in the Information Age. The Space Age started with the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, and later the launch of crewed missions to the moon in the Sixties. …